Bernardo Macias

References/Works cited

HISTORY

· Early evidence of sport in china during 2^nd and 3^rd century b.c (leather ball being kicked into a net.)
· Early growth of modern soccer started in England
· Sport played for more than 3000 years
· 1815, major development took place making soccer popular in universities, colleges/schools.
· History of modern day soccer established in 1863
· Establishing the foundation of soccer in 1869, the association banned any kind of handling of the ball
· FIFA established in 1904
· FIFA credited for organizing 1^st world cup in Uruguay.

Concepts/Rules

· 1. The field of play=grass or artificial turf(Green), rectangular shape(divided into halves.

· 2. The ball= spherical shape

· 3. The number of players= 2 teams of 11 to a side

· 4. Player equipment= jerseys, shorts, shin guards, socks and cleats

· 5. The referee= authority on the field

· 6. Assistant referees= assisting the referee including signaling with flags

· 7. Duration= 2 45 minute halves equaling 90 minutes (plus aggregate time)

· 8. Start and restart of play= kick off determined by a coin toss (choose ball/side). If team scores, other team starts from the middle.

· 9. Ball in and out of play= ball is out of play when it fully crosses the goal line or sideline.

· 10. The method of scoring= goal is scored when entire ball fully crosses the goal line within the frame of the goal.

· 11. Offside= attacking player receiving the ball in opposite half. He must be level or behind the second to last defender.

· 12. Fouls and misconduct=yellow card (warning). Red card (kicked out of game)

· 13. Free kicks= direct free kick can be shot into goal. Indirect free kick must be touched by another player before shot into goal.

· 14. Penalty kick= when fouled/handball in goal box, open kick from penalty spot to goal

· 15. Throw in= when ball goes out of bounds, player must throw ball back into play with hands

· 16. Goal kick= goalkeeper kicks ball back into play when opponent kicks ball out of bounds on goal line side.

· 17. Corner kick= opponent gets a free kick from a corner when defender/goalkeeper kicks/deflects ball on their own goal line side.

World Cup

· World most widely viewed sporting event
· Takes place every 4 years
· Held by FIFA (federation international de football association)
· 32 country teams participate
· Before the world cup there is “preliminary competition” every 3 years for qualifiers
· The country host is automatically in
· Teams are drawn into 8 groups (top 2 teams in group advance to finals etc.)
· Golden ball award= most outstanding player
· Golden boot award=top goal scorer